An
excess of Carbohydrates: in the diet not only acts as a fat-sparer,
but also increases the Fat: in the fat stores. Click
Here For Reference
Eisonanoids:
(see Prostaglandins)
EFAs (defined):(see Essential
Fatty Acids)
Endocrine system:(see Pancreas)
Energy: (also see Essential
Fatty Acids)
Enzymes: (also see Milk
or Lactose)
Essential Fatty Acids:
(also also see Energy or EFAs)
Essiac®
Exercise: (also see Metabolism)
Energy:
High-energy fuel: 1 gram of fat produces 2.5-times as much energy as
1 gram of carbs.
Carbohydrates stop you from using the best fuel available, the fat stored
in your own body. Reference: Textbook of Medical
Physiology Arthur
C. Guyton, John E. Hall, W B Saunders Co., January 15, 1996, ISBN: 0721659446..
Enzymes: (see
Milk or Lactose)
Enzymes and digestion (protein/carbs):
Carbs are largely broken down when chewed (please see Man-Wolf-Sheep:
A Comparison). Protein digestion takes place in the system. If not
enough protein is consumed in the diet this causes the enzymes
needed for its digestion to be depleted. This is why a vegetarian
has trouble digesting protein. Slowly introducing meat back into their
diet will replenish the enzymes needed for healthy digestion.
An enzyme called alpha-amylase initiates starch digestion by breaking
down starch (complex carbohydrates) into sugars. This release of sugar
alters the taste of food.
Digestive enzymes:
• Lactase ·digests lactose (milk sugar) into glucose and
galactose
• Maltase ·digests maltose to glucose
• Amylase* ·digests starch (complex carbohydrates) to glucose
• Invertase ·digests sucrose (table sugar) to glucose and
fructose
• Proteases ·digest protein into free amino acids
• Lipases ·digest dietary fat to a variety of end products
References: Biology of Microorganisms, Brock, T.D.
and Madigan, M.T., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1988.pp
383, 396-399.
References: Schauf, C., Moffett, D. and Moffett, S. (1990) Human Physiology:
Foundations and Frontiers (ed. Allen, D., Times Mirror/Mosby College
Publishing, St. Louis) Chapters 21 and 22.
Essential Fatty Acids:
(also see Deficiency, Fish
Oil or Nerves)
Click here for "The Scientific Calculation
of the Optimum Parent Omega 6/3 Ratio"
Click here for EFA Deficiency Statistics
WARNING:
Popular health writers and nutritionists do NOT understand the difference
between "parent" and derivative EFAs! They also don't take
into consideration that most if not all foods contain damaged
omega 6 EFAs, which are NOT used by the body!
There are
numerous articles on EFAs everywhere with some good information, but
nearly all of these articles lack a basic understanding
of the difference between "parent" and derivative
EFAs (Parent omega 3 = LNA & Parent omega 6 = LA - all others are
derivatives*). You'll find Fish Oil is talked up constantly.
The more you read at this website, the better you'll understand why
taking fish oil is NOT the best way to get your EFAs.
You may also read that you already get tons of omega 6 EFAs in your
diet and that you only need to take omega 3. The problem is the
omega 6 EFAs in foods are mostly damaged and you need
pure, undamaged "Parent" omega 6 EFAs in your diet! This
knowledge will help you weed out the good and bad info you may read
on Essential Fatty Acids.
*Derivative
EFAs are not used by the body, unless derived from the "parent."
Nearly ALL EFA supplements, including fish oil, consists of derivatives.
Your body makes the derivatives it needs from the "parent"
oils, as well as using the parent directly.So supplements without parent
oils are insufficient and ineffective!
EFAs are fundamental to proper nutrition. Our bodies
use EFAs as the building blocks for cellular growth,
which plays a central role in feeling, looking, and performing well.
Your body can’t make EFAs; they must come from the food
you eat or from nutritional supplements. References:
Biochemistry and Disease, Basic Medical Biochemistry Fatty Acid Trafficking
and Transcriptional Control of Genes Regulating Fatty Acid Transport
and Metabolism.
Click
here for Visual Aid
[Omega 6
(GLA)] - borage oil, evening primrose oil, and black currant oil have
been prescribed for a variety of conditions, including cancer, premenstrual
syndrome, cystic fibrosis, irritable bowel syndrome and many skin conditions.
Reference: Enig, Mary G., Know Your Fats, (Silver
Spring, Bethesda Press, 2000). and Horrobin, David F., The regulation
of prostaglandin biosynthesis by manipulation of essential fatty acid
matabolism. Reviews in Pure and Applied Pharmacological Sciences, Vol.
4, pp 339-383, Freund Publishing House, 1983.
“We know that EFAs support heart health.” Reference:
2002 EFA Conference, Shanghai, China.
Click here for Visual Aid
Fatty acids (EFAs) and higher lipids are essential to the structure
and function of cells and organisms. These compounds include
structural components of biological membranes, mediators of signal transduction
and transcription, and physiological regulators. Fatty acids are also
the preferred energy source for the heart and it is estimated
that circulating long chain fatty acids provide 60-70% of the cardiac
energy requirements. Current evidence indicates that several
classes of conserved transport proteins, enzymes, and transcription
factors participate in fatty acid metabolism and gene regulation. Using
yeast and bacterial model systems, the proteins involved in fatty acid
transport, activation, and transcriptional control are being defined
at genetic, functional, and structural levels. These investigations
include identification of unique genes and proteins using molecular
genetics; characterization of mammalian gene expression in yeast and
bacteria; and biochemical analysis of protein structure and function.
This work will result in a better understanding of how lipid metabolism
is coordinated to meet the nutritional, structural, and regulatory needs
of cells and tissues. It provides a foundation for understanding
and treating diseases resulting from deficiencies in fatty acid and
lipid metabolism including arteriosclerosis, cardiomyopathies, obesity,
and diabetes. Reference: Laboratories:Paul N. Black,
B.S., Ph.D.Professor, Education:B.S. from Colorado State University
in 1978 Ph.D. from University of Vermont in 1983.
Reference: Concetta C. DiRusso, Ph.D.Professor Education: Ph.D. from
University of Vermont in 1982
EFAs
and cellular oxygen transfer (key to resisting cancer cell development):
“Essential fatty acids [EFAs] are found in the structural
lipids of the cell… and are concerned with the structural
integrity of the mitochondrial membrane [respiratory-based energy producing].”
Reference: Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 26th edition, page
191.
EFA conversion inhibited:
Bad fats [trans-fats], lack of minerals, lack of vitamins B3, B6, C,
E, viruses, obesity, diabetes, aging, and rare genetic mutations can
inhibit omega 6 conversion. Reference:
Stephen B. Edelson, M.D., F.A.A.F.P., F.A.A.E.M. The Edelson Center
for Environmental and Preventive Medicine
EFAs and cholesterol levels:
Essential Fatty Acids naturally decrease blood cholesterol levels. Reference:
Textbook of Medical Physiology, pg. 873.
EFAs and cancer:
Omega 3 fights colon cancer in laboratory studies, according to graduate
student Abgela Jordan and colleagues at J.W. Goethe University, Frankfort
Germany. “The growth inhibitory effect was most prominent in rapidly
proliferating [cancer] cells. They seemed especially effective against
COLO-320, the most aggressive of the two cancer cell lines, halting
all growth within 72 hours of exposure. This inhibitory effect appears
to stem from ‘both growth arrest and apostasies [death of cells].”
Reference: Reuters Health, May 24, 1999.
EFAs
and the brain:
Brain synapses have higher levels of DHA (Omega 3 EFA) than most tissues.
Reference: Nutrition and the Brain, Vol. 8, 1990:2.
EFAs
help ADD:
Purdue University conducted a study which was published
in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. About 40% of
children with ADD had deficiencies of EFAs as measured in their
blood.
EFAs (Defined):
Omega 6– LA – Linoleic Acid, body makes
into the derivatives: GLA, DGLA, AA. - polyunsaturated – safflower,
sunflower, corn.
Omega 3– ALA – Alpha Linolenic Acid, body
makes into the derivatives: SDA, EPA, DHA. - super-unsaturated –
flax, hemp (fish is also a source of omega 3, but it is mostly derivative
based and not the ideal form for what your body needs).
Proper EFA radio: "Parent" omega 6 to "Parent" omega
3 = 1:1 to 4:1
Advice:
EFA
supplements that contain derivatives and NOT parent oils cannot
be guaranteed to be used by your body as needed. Fish Oil supplements
is a perfect example, containing mostly derivatives and very little
parent oils.Your body needs the parent oils as much as it does the derivatives,
and it will make any derivatives it needs from the parent oils.
When you look at the ingredients of an EFA supplement, and it contains
tons and tons of derivative information, don't buy it. It's
not going to give your body what it needs.
Anachidonic Acid is the 3rd EFA – non-essential. Reference:
Stephen B. Edelson, M.D., F.A.A.F.P.,F.A.A.E.M. The Edelson Center for
Environmental and Preventive Medicine.
Essiac®:
(An herbal cleansing blend) consists of four herbs that grow in the
wilderness of Ontario, Canada. The original formula has its roots in
native Canadian Ojibwa medicine. The four main herbs that make up Essiac®
are Burdock Root, Slippery Elm Bark, Sheep Sorrel and Indian
Rhubarb Root. These four herbs may help normalize body systems by helping
cleanse the blood and purge toxic build up. This formulation has been
successfully used in alternative cancer treatments.
Essiac® is a product of Resperin Corporation, Unfortunately, theEssiac®
website has been removed.
In 1937, John Wolfer, M.D., director of the tumor clinic at Northwestern
University Medical School, treated 30 terminal cancer patients
at their clinic. At the end of a year of treatment, a panel of 5 physicians
at Northwestern wrote: “Essiac® prolonged life, shrank
tumors, and relieved pain.” Reference:
Reclaiming Our Health, John Robbins, H.J. Kramer, Inc., POB 1082, Triburon,
CA, 1998, page 271.
Exercise:
(see Metabolism)
Carbs and exercise:
Reasonable exercise helps raise basal metabolic rate (BMR) and therefore
the rate of ‘burning’ energy. But remember, it takes
a lot of exercise to burn off a significant amount of calories,
and if you have any carbohydrate before or after vigorous exercise,
the resulting insulin response will effectively block any fat
loss.
Reference: Textbook of Medical Physiology, pg 871,
Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall, W B Saunders Co., January 15, 1996,
ISBN: 0721659446.
Body fat burning:
Only under extreme physical exercise does a muscle use glucose. Most
of the time, muscle membrane is only slightly permeable (open) to glucose.
Reference: Textbook of Medical Physiology, pg. 973,
Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall, W B Saunders Co., January 15, 1996,
ISBN: 0721659446.
For a real endurance event, one can expect fat to supply more than 50%
of the required energy after about the first 3 to 4 hours. The body
starts off using mainly glucose/glycogen for energy and only gradually
shifts to increased fat-burning (this is why it’s very beneficial
to avoid carbohydrates before exercise when attempting to reduce
body fat). Reference: Textbook of Medical
Physiology, pg. 871, Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall, W B Saunders Co.,
January 15, 1996, ISBN: 0721659446.
“…thus
an excess of Carbohydrates: in the diet not only acts as a fat-sparer,
but also increases the Fat in the fat stores. In fact,
all the excess carbohydrates not used for energy or stored in the small
glycogen deposits of the body (less than one teaspoon worth) are converted
to fat and stored as such.” Reference:
Textbook of Medical Physiology, pg. 871, Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall,
W B Saunders Co., January 15, 1996, ISBN: 0721659446.
Growth hormone:
Growth hormone increases protein syntheses in all cells of the tissue,
and increases use of fatty acids (coming from excess body fat) for energy.
Glucose utilization is decreased, which means we burn stored body fat
while exercising. Reference: Textbook of Medical
Physiology, pg. 936, Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall, W B Saunders Co.,
January 15, 1996, ISBN: 0721659446.
Fat storage and bloating:
The more glycogen you store, the more bloated you become. Every
single pound of excess glycogen adds three pounds of water.
Reference: Nutrition For Fitness & Sport, pg.
106, Melvin H. Williams, WCB/McGraw-Hill, January, 1995,
ISBN: 0697101452